WG-EMM-98

The CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Program uses indices derived from data on indicator species and the environment collected by standard methods within the three integrated study regions of the Convention Area. Standardised index values are re-calculated each year as new data become available. Trends and anomalies are presented for data at hand.

The fishery-foraging model of Agnew and Phegan (1995) was reviewed by the Working Group on Ecosystem Monitoring and Management and its Subgroup on Statistics in 1997. The review found that the index calculated in that model did not directly measure overlap between penguin foraging demands and the krill fishery in waters around the South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula, but rather Read More
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At the request of WG-EMM-97, the Secretariat has revised the draft standard method for index F2 (sea-ice), drafted a standard method for index F5 (sea surface temperature), and begun documenting meteorological data and methodologies which may be used for calculating the draft indices F1 (sea-ice cover viewed from a CEMP site), F3 (local weather at a CEMP site) and F4 (snow cover at a CEMP Read More
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There have been numerous human intrusions in the Antarctic Peninsula and west of the Peninsula. The region is where many Antarctic research stations are situated, and also where the bulk of Antarctic shipboard tourism takes place. A brief summary of this human history in Antarctica reveals a wide range of real and possible disturbances. Potential impacts from human activities continue to exist Read More
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In 1997 it was 30 years from the moment of launching YugNIRO fisheries studies in the Antarctic.
Two essential points should be emphasized in the ideology and methodology of the studies carried out. Firstly, complex monitoring is their basis: in addition to the determination of the commercial potential of fish species and krill, study of the Antarctic ecosystem with its non-biological part Read More
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In March - early April 1997 biological, oceanographic and geological operations were carried out on the Ukrainian scientific research vessel "E. Krenkel" in subarea 48.2. The similar observations, but in much less amount, were carried out in subarea 48.1.
The preliminary results of biological studies make possible to characterize the krill population state, other functionally significant Read More
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The paper presents a program of application of satellite and ship monitoring data on dynamics of the sea surface temperature (SST) in fishing areas For various time intervals (week, month, year, etc.). Sample monitoring of fishing areas in the south-western Atlantic and the southeastern Pacific includes: a set of maps of weekly mean SST and monthly mean SST; resulted maps of gradients, Read More
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We investigated the diet and aspects of foraging effort among Adélie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae breeding at three colonies on Ross Island, in the southwestern Ross Sea -- Capes Royds, Bird and Crozier -- during the chick provisioning period of three austral summers, 1994-95, 1995-96 and 1996-97. During the study period, pack-ice cover differed in waters offshore of these colonies, by colony, Read More
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Little is known of what happened after the exploitation period with the population of Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) on the Antarctic peninsula region, specifically on the South Shetland archipelago. We compiled historical information for Cape Shirreff and San Telmo islets located on the northen tip of Livingston island, where the most important colony of this species on the South Read More
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The influences of abiotic and biotic parameters on the occurrence of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) concentrations were studied in the waters north of the South Shetland Islands, a major krill fishing ground in the Antarctic, during the 1990/1991 austral summer. From early to mid-summer krill density increased and showed distinct offshore-inshore differences in abundance and maturity Read More
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Comparative analysis of krill length distribution in the echosurvey area, obtained with trawl and acoustic methods is presented. Besides, the acoustic estimate of krill length composition was obtained on the basis of the empiric model by Greene et al. (1991) using estimates of target strength in situ at the frequency of 120 kHz as measured with echosounder EK-500 (split-beam) principle). Krill Read More
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The relation between mid-water trawl catchability and its construction, trawling regime, krill aggregations distribution in the study area is discussed. It is shown that while the trawl selectivity affects krill length composition in each trawl sample, the trawl catchability affects the estimation of total krill lengths distribution, obtained on the basis of trawl samples from different Read More
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The impact of midwater trawl selectivity and catchability upon TS and TS 1 kg estimates in echosurveys is discussed. It is known that krill abundance and biomass estimation should be considered as two independent tasks with different requirements to midwater trawl utilization in echosurveys. Application of the proposed method of mean weighted TS 1 kg estimation provides the biomass estimation Read More
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The CEMP Standard Methods for monitoring foraging trip duration in Macaroni Penguins recommend using only males. However, males attend the chicks at the nest during most of the brooding period, while the females make frequent foraging trips. We analysed data from 17 males instrumented with VHF-transmitters in the middle of the brooding period (chick age 12-18 days) and 17 females instrumented Read More
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Size fractionated chlorophyll-a concentrations of surface seawater was measured (pico-, nano-, and micro-size fractions) during commercial krill operations in the waters north of the South Shetland Islands from late December, 1991 to mid-February, 1992. The proportion of green krill had significant regressions with chlorophyll-a concentrations in micro and nano- size fraction. This result Read More
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Acoustic data from the Polish FIBEX survey in the West Atlantic were examined to check the consistency of krill abundance estimates against the results of the other FIBEX survey vessels. The results indicated that there was a high level of consistency between the results from the Polish vessel and those from the other vessels that operated in the Peninsula region and in the West Atlantic.

Polynyas accelerate oceanic and atmospheric processes. We additionally think polynyas influence biological activity. We pursued daily transition of polynyas in the Ross Sea, Antarctica from 1978 through 1994 using images of sea ice concentrations by the satellite microwave observations. A typical polynya existed in the inner area of the Ross Sea in November of the each year. The shape of the Read More
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In the paper the results of the investigations on three mesoscale surveys covering wide area of krill between Antarctic Peninsula and South Georgia Island are considered. Surveys including from 158 to 202 stations were carried out by Soviet research vessels in summer-autumn periods of 1983/84 and 1987/88 and in a spring period 1984/85 by a standard grid of stations according to the standard Read More
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Proportional recruitments (R1 and R2) were calculated for Subareas 48.1, 48.2 and 48.3 from logbook data of Japanese commercial krill fisheries during 1980 to 1997. Inter-annual patterns of R1 and R2 in Subarea 48.1 generally showed similar trends to Siegel et al. (1 998)'s values around the Elephant Island. However, the values especially R1 in this study were extremely smaller than Siegel et Read More
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Investigations on krill trawl operations in the southern ocean were accompanied by the phytoplankton and zooplankton studies during the First Indian Antarctic Krill Expedition. The study area which lies between latitude 56° to 61° 17's and longitude 30° to 40°E is characterized by cold surface waters with temperature ranging from 0 to 3° C and high nutrient content. Phytoplankton cell counts Read More
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Distribution, abundance and species composition of zooplankton collected during the First Indian Antarctic Krill Expedition were studied. Zooplankton biomass values ranged fiom 9.79 to 303.62m1./100m-3 (x=142.14±77.02). High standing stock values were recorded in the study area where copepods, chaetognaths, euphausiids and salps were the dominant taxa. Copepoda formed the major constituent of Read More
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On the basis of acoustically registered krill swarms along a 1097 nm transect in the area 58 of Indian Ocean Sector of Antarctic region, the biomass density of krill, their spatial and depth distribution are presented. The mean density of krill biomass between 60°00'S and 61°00' S parallels 34°00'E and 40°00'E meridian was recorded as 0.6t.km-2. Presence of krill was not observed north of 60° Read More
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During the First Indian Antarctic Krill Expedition (FIKEX), krill samples were collected from 34 stations of fishing area 58 in Indian Ocean sector of Antarctic region between lat.57°53'S to 61°13'S and long.30°02'E to 40°05'E. These were analysed onboard FORV Sagar Sampada for the study of biology, distribution and abundance. The samples were collected for a period of 18 days from 26th Read More
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Results of harvesting operations for Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in Fishing Area 58 in the Indian Ocean Sector of Southern Ocean, during the First Indian Antarctic Krill Expedition (27 December 1995 - 10 March 1996) on board FORV Sagar Sampada are summarised in this paper. 18 hauls were made using a 2.5 m Isaacs-Kidd Midwater Trawl (IKMT) in the area 59°00’-61°08' S lat; 30°04'-40°04' Read More
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Antarctic krill harvested from Southern ocean during the First Indian Antarctic Krill Expedition, was processed onboard FORV Sagar Sampada and the biochemical parameters of frozen stored samples were studied. The mince was extracted and various products were prepared. The chemical composition are similar to other related species. The fluoride in the shell migrated into the meat on frozen Read More
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Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) harvested during the First Indian Antarctic Krill Expedition were subjected to primary processing like freezing, preparation of minced meat etc. on board the vessel. On reaching the shore these primary products were further processed into several value added products which included dried, canned, frozen and other speciality products and by-products. Read More
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Studies were conducted to formulate different products using krill meat stored for 2 months at -30°C and one month at -20°C. Dried krill of good quality could be prepared by blanching krill in boiling 5% Na Cl solution for 5 minutes and then sundrying. Incorporation of krill mince even at a level of 10% to fish mince during production of surimi and fish paste affected the quality. Though a Read More
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In 1997, de la Mare presented a statistic (labelled the Composite Standardised Index at the Workshop on Area 48) to WG-EMM for generating a simple time-series index of many long-term datasets on Antarctic predators. The value of the index in a given year is dependent on the specific parameters present in that year. In this respect, the robustness of the index is dependent on that subset of Read More
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We present a model at the level of the foraging trip for the effects of a fishery on krill (Euphausia superba) predators, using the Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) as a model organism. The model involves: (i) the description of the biomass and spatial distribution of krill; (ii) the effects of the fishery on the krill; (iii) the description of penguin breeding; and (iv) the indirect Read More
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The summer 1998 AMLR field season followed late-forming but spatially extensive winter sea ice in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Overall krill length/maturity composition reflected poor recruitment from the past two years. Unusually small juvenile krill in 1998 suggested that survival success was limited to late-spawned eggs and larvae in 1997. Delayed spawning and few larval krill in 1998 Read More
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Acoustic estimates of densities of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, at South Georgia are presented for eleven austral summers between 1981 and 1998. Krill abundance at the island fluctuated widely from year to year over this time, ranging from ?2 to ?150 gm-2 (wet weight). The 1982, 199 1 and 1994 austral summer seasons were characterised by particularly low abundances of krill. For five of Read More
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The eco systematic studies in biology and hydrology conducted in the Atlantic sector of the South Ocean in recent years made it possible for scientists to establish a rather clear relationship among the winter and spring ice cover variations, summer water surface temperature, and "success" in the reproduction of krill (Euphausia superba) and salp (Salpa tompsoni) (SC-CAMLR-XVI4; SC-CAMLR-XVV3 Read More
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